What is Diabetes Management?

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body cannot effectively regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. This happens due to either insufficient insulin production or the body’s inability to use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells to provide energy. When this process is disrupted, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). If left uncontrolled, diabetes can lead to serious health complications affecting the heart (cardiovascular diseases), kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), eyes (diabetic retinopathy), nerves (neuropathy), and other vital organs.

Types of Diabetes:

• Type 1 Diabetes – An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. It usually develops in childhood or early adulthood.
• Type 2 Diabetes – A condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin. It is commonly associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise.
• Gestational Diabetes – Occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that affect insulin function. It usually resolves after childbirth but increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later.
• Prediabetes – A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. It is a warning sign for Type 2 diabetes.

Causes of Diabetes:

• Genetic Factors – Family history of diabetes increases the risk
• Obesity – Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, contributes to insulin resistance.
• Unhealthy Diet – High intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and refined carbohydrates can lead to high blood sugar levels.
• Lack of Physical Activity – Sedentary lifestyle reduces insulin sensitivity and contributes to weight gain.
• Hormonal Imbalances – Certain conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) can increase the risk of diabetes.
• Stress & Sleep Disorders – Chronic stress and poor sleep patterns can disrupt blood sugar regulation.